Difference between revisions of "Category:Genetically Modified Organisms"

Latest revision as of 18:51, 9 November 2018

Humans have been genetically modifying organisms since ancient times, when primitive farmers selectively bred plants and animals to encourage beneficial traits. In recent decades, we've taken this practice to a whole new level, altering organisms by directly manipulating their genomes. This has brought with it a new set of benefits, drawbacks and controversies, which are discussed in the items below. One major promise is that GMO's would reduce the need for chemicals, which has not really happened yet.

See also Food. Grist.org tends to have good coverage of the issue.

Infographic overview.

Dynamic map of players Neo, take the red pill and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes. Remember: all I'm offering is the truth. Nothing more.

SEED magazine debate 4/11. an older Pro-Con debate 2003

Genetic engineering vs. natural breeding: What’s the difference?

Argument Maps by Robert Horn at Stanford

News Sites

New York Times

Grist stories

Center for Food Safety also covers dirty money lobbying on GMO's.

News/Articles

Could 'Bionic Mushrooms' Be the Future of Renewable Energy? 11/18 see Mushrooms.

Invasion of the ‘frankenbees’: the danger of building a better bee. Beekeepers are sounding the alarm about the latest developments in genetically modified pollinators 10/18.

Proposed GMO Food Labeling Could Leave 100 Million Americans in the Dark 5/18.

Monsanto's Roundup Destroys Healthy Microbes in Humans and in Soils 1/18. see Chemicals.

The biotech industry has failed to deliver on its promises for GMO crops. The NYT article followed less than a month after the biotech industry asked congressional leaders for $3 million in taxpayer-provided funding to “educate” the public about biotechnology and agricultural production. 11/16

Obama’s New So-Called GMO “Labeling” Law Is a Gift to Industry 8/16.

Extensive new report shows GMO crops safe, but not always as beneficial as predicted 5/15.

Huge Victory: Senate Rejects the DARK Act 3/17.

Monsanto Handed ‘Double Whammy’ by Mexican Courts Over Planting GMOs

David and Goliath: Illinois Farmer Takes on the World's Largest Agrochemical Company Over GMO Corn U.S. corn exports are still down 85 percent after Sygenta's rush to the market with genetically modified product led to a ban in China, a farmer claims in court. 11./15.

The North Face’s Moon Parka Is World’s First Product Made From Synthetic Spider Silk

Europe’s Rejection of GMOs Ignites Eco-Farming Revolution.

Study Blows Company's Bogus Claim About GMO Salmon Out of the Water 10/15.

however, FDA Approves AquaBounty’s Genetically Engineered Salmon Despite Widespread Opposition. 12/15 update; good analysis/background 11/15. (Audio interview) with Food and Water Watch (in 35 min)***

Europe’s Rejection of GMOs Ignites Eco-Farming Revolution.

New GMO-Free Zone Will Protect Traditional Farmers in Colorado: The zone will help traditional and organic farmers avoid the risk of transgenic contamination from nearby GE crops, particularly GE corn. 11/15.

I Used to Work as a Scientist with GMOs—Now I'm Having Serious Second Thoughts About The Risks 9/15 Bt resembles ricin and anthrax bacteria. Risk assessment sloppy.

NEW MONSANTO SPRAY KILLS BUGS BY MESSING WITH THEIR GENES 8/15.

The New England Journal of Medicine Asks FDA to Reconsider Labeling GMO Foods 8/15

How Seed Laws Make Farmers’ Seeds Illegal see Food Inc movie.

New Heat-Resistant Beans Could Stave Off Hunger In A Warming World not a GMO.

Genetic engineering could make DIY heroin as easy as brewing beer 5/15.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved Arctic Apple. These apples are engineered to resist browning when sliced. The USDA’s environmental review received 73,000 comments that overwhelmingly opposed the commercialization of Arctic Apples. This decision marks the first approval of an aesthetically-improved genetically engineered food and will expand the reach of GMO products into the produce aisle, which currently only offers a small number of GMO foods. 2/15.

Monsanto’s Roundup — Most Popular Weed Killer in U.S. — ‘Probably’ Causes Cancer, WHO Report Says GMO's are designed to work with it.

Biggest ice cream maker Breyers won't use milk with synthetic hormones; the controversial hormone rBST. The artificial growth hormone, which stands for recombinant bovine somatotropin, is a genetically engineered hormone that farmers inject into cows to increase milk production. It’s controversial because it’s been linked to a slew of health problems in cows, and consequently, humans who drink the cows’ milk. 2/15

SELF-DESTRUCTION GENES COULD KEEP GMO’S FROM SPILLING INTO THE WILD 1/15.

New Study Shows Glaring Differences Between GMO and Non-GMO Foods 8/14

Big fight over Seralini study (often attacked by industry paid hacks like Entine. Monsanto Roundup glysophate linked to cancer. ***

California Bans Genetically Engineered Salmon 10/14.

Golden Rice 9/13.

Monsanto’s GMO Feed Creates Physical Ailments in Animals 8/13.

Research Shows that Monsanto's Big Claims for GMO Food Are Probably Wrong. A new peer-reviewed study published in the International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability examined those claims and found that conventional plant breeding, not genetic engineering, is responsible for yield increases in major U.S. crops. Additionally, GM crops, also known as genetically engineered (GE) crops, can’t even take credit for reductions in pesticide use. 7/13.

Chipotle is now the first restaurant to label GMOs in its food

Organic farmers lose court battle with Monsanto 6/13.

Gut punch: Monsanto could be destroying your microbiome 5/13.

How Monsanto Is Using Cronies in Congress to Take Away States' Rights to Label Genetically Modified Foods 5/13. Company history.

Laboratory Study of Rats Supports Dangers of GM Corn 5/13.

Monsanto Protection Act’ would keep GMO crops in the ground during legal battles 4/13.

Gene discovery could breed veggies for a warmer planet

4/2

By Susie Cagle The nearly $2 billion lettuce industries of California and Arizona are likely to get mighty wilted as temperatures in those hot states continue to rise. But science is here to save the day -- with GMOs.

A research team with USDA and National Science Foundation funding has identified a lettuce gene and enzyme that make the plants stop germinating when it's too hot -- so now scientists hope to tweak those lettuces to grow even when they naturally wouldn't. Currently growers have to cool soil and seeds with extra cool water, at great expense. The study, published in the journal The Planet Cell, was a collaboration between scientists at India's Ranga Agricultural University, the University of California at Davis, and scientists from Arcadia Biosciences. more

A win for agribiz 3/13.

Genetically Modified Seafood: Whole Foods, Trader Joe's And Others Vow Not To Sell GMO Fish 3/13

Extreme weather and GMO crops devastate monarch butterfly migration.

Whole Foods GMO Labeling To Be Mandatory By 2018 3/13

Indian farmers smash crop yield records without GMOs 2/13.

Supreme Court Justice: Monsanto Seed Saving By Indiana Farmer Is Like Bank Robberysee also DN video 2/13 OUTCOME 5/13.

GMO fail: Monsanto foiled by feds, Supreme Court, and science

2/15

It’s been a good week if you enjoy a little GMO schadenfreude. The FDA has reportedly bowed to public pressure to extend the comment period on its approval of genetically engineered salmon, and Illinois, Maryland, and Iowa are the latest states to buck GMOs by introducing labeling bills into state legislature.

Even the Supreme Court has an opportunity to take Monsanto down a peg. On Feb. 19, the court will hear arguments in a patent infringement case between an Indiana farmer and Monsanto . If Monsanto prevails, it’ll move a few more paces towards agricultural monopoly; if it loses, the company will take a couple steps back. It’s encouraging that the Supreme Court chose to hear the case over the solicitor general’s urging to dismiss it, but Monsanto could have an inside man: As in other Monsanto-related cases, former Monsanto-lawyer-turned-Supreme-Court-Justice Clarence Thomas has no plans to recuse himself. But GMOs took the biggest punch this week from academia: Tom Philpott highlights a USDA-funded study [PDF] by University of Wisconsin scientists who found that several types of GMO seeds (including Monsanto’s RoundUp Ready varieties) actually produce a lower yield than conventional seeds.

More

Too big to prosecute: How Monsanto slipped the DOJ’s grasp 3/13.

Sit-in and Hunger-Strike in Mexico City Against GMO Corn Plantations 2/14.

Campaign to label frankenfoods goes viral Monsanto CEO admits climate change, likes labels?

Geneticists and bioengineers are currently exploring the possibility of growing meat in-vitro in laboratory conditions; this development could one day eliminate the need for livestock.

Organic seed savers in DC. Monsanto has sued hundreds of family farmers for patent infringement (see Food Inc documentary) because their fields were contaminated with GMO pollen or for trying to save seeds. Farmers have sued and protest.

A balanced discussion about the safety of GM foods by several experts.

An article comparing suspicion of GMOs to skepticism about Climate Change.

A report on genetically-modified salmon. online petition 2/13

Prop 37 GMO labelling on November ballot lost; Mark Bittman's assessment. panel discussion (audio) 9/12. California fights for labels 2/12. Commonwealth Club discussion audio video 10/12.

Pesticide Use Proliferating With GMO Crops, Study Warns 10/12

Six French Science Academies Dismiss Study Finding GM Corn Harmed Rats 10/12

European researchers looked at the health effects of feeding Monsanto’s Roundup Ready corn to laboratory rats and their results were startling. (audio and text).

Monsanto's GMO Corn Linked To Organ Failure, Study Reveals 9/12.

An article that calls into question the above study.

GMO Debate Heats Up: Critics Say Biotech Industry Manipulating Genes, And Science. 9/12.

"Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize," Food and Chemical Toxicology, September 19, 2012 Link

Drought-tolerant seeds: Insurance policy for farmers or a big gamble? 9/12.

Malaria Resistant Mosquitoes: UC Irvine Scientists Create New Genetically Modified Mosquito. A non-GMO approach for Dengue Fever (audio) 6.12

Prop 37 on November ballot. panel discussion (audio) 9/12. California fights for labels 2/12

Frankenfish

Doug Gurian-Sherman, a molecular biologist with the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), has spent quite a bit of time investigating Monsanto's track record. In April 2009, he published "Failure to Yield," the only comprehensive study to date that separates genetic engineering's contribution from other factors that can increase yields. Overview article. 2/12

New study raises troubling questions 1/12

Monsanto expose 12/09

10/09 NYT debate, includes # Paul Collier, economist, Oxford University

Vandana Shiva, activist and author
Per Pinstrup-Andersen, professor of nutrition and public policy, Cornell
Raj Patel, Institute for Food and Development Policy
Jonathan Foley, University of Minnesota
Michael J. Roberts, economist, North Carolina State University

"Breadbasket of Democracy" by Ted Nace, Orion Magazine

BioHacking: people are creating new life in their garages. Should we be worried? Local example: videoof Biocurious.org

Video

Lincoln Taiz, professor emeritus of molecular, cell and developmental biology, gave the Emeriti Lecture at UC Santa Cruz on Wednesday, November 19. "Agriculture, Population Growth, and the Challenge of Climate Change video. He explains and supports GMO's.

Micha Peled’s documentary Bitter Seeds the final film in Peled’s “globalization trilogy,” exposes the havoc Monsanto has wreaked on rural farming communities in India, and serves as a fierce rebuttal to the claim that genetically modified seeds can save the developing world.

Next Meal: Engineering Food: In this half-hour special (May 2013), QUEST Northern California explores genetically engineered crops in the wake of Proposition 37, the 2012 ballot initiative that would have required foods containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled in California. Prop 37 lost, but some 6 million Californians voted in favor of labeling, signaling that many aren't completely comfortable with genetically engineered food.

How to Tell if GMO's are in your food. 4/12

Fed up! : genetic engineering, industrial agriculture, and sustainable alternatives Using archival footage interspersed with interviews with farmers, scientists, government officials and activists, this video presents an overview of our food production system and explores the unintentional effects of pesticides, the resistance of biotechnology companies to food labeling and the links between government officials and major biotechnology and chemical companies. It answers many questions regarding genetic engineering, the Green Revolution, genetic pollution and modern pesticides. McHenry VT9048 excerpt

Paul Root Wolpe examines the ethical implications of new science -- genetic modification, neuroscience and other breakthroughs that stretch our current philosophy to the breaking point. TEDtalk 3/11

Transforming Food [videorecording] : a global look at genetic modification / a BBC production ; produced & directed by Michael Lachmann Hamilton, NJ. : Films for the Humanities & Sciences, c2009 McHenry DVD7434 excerpt

Craig Venter and team make a historic announcement: they've created the first fully functioning, reproducing cell controlled by synthetic DNA. He explains how they did it and why the achievement marks the beginning of a new era for science. TEDtalk video.

The World According to Monsanto "directed by independent filmmaker Marie-Monique Robin, paints a grim picture of a company with a long track record of environmental crimes and health scandals."

Food Inc (i believe) deals with GMO's. Interview with director (video). Reading list

videoblog that gives overview of Union of Concerned Scientist report Failure to Yield 2009

What is genomics? How will it affect our lives? In this intriguing primer on the genomics revolution, entrepreneur Barry Schuler says we can at least expect healthier, tastier food. He suggests we start with the pinot noir grape, to build better wines.

Juan Enriquez challenges our definition of bioenergy. Oil, coal, gas and other hydrocarbons are not chemical but biological products, based on plant matter -- and thus, growable. Our whole approach to fuel, he argues, needs to change. TEDTalk video.

The World According to Monsanto

The Future of Food c2004 Film & Music DVD2936 (88 min.) In-depth investigation into unlabeled genetically-modified foods which have become increasingly prevalent in grocery stores. Unravels the complex web of market and political forces that are changing the nature of what we eat.

One Man, One Cow, One Planet

Jonathan Drori encourages us to save biodiversity -- one seed at a time. Reminding us that plants support human life, he shares the vision of the Millennium Seed Bank, which has stored over 3 billion seeds to date from dwindling yet essential plant species.TEDTalk video.

Audio

Who Owns Your Genes? On Monday, the U.S. Supreme Court is set to hear a case that could decide whether genes can be patented. The ACLU, cancer patients, scientists and others sued Myriad Genetics -- which owns the exclusive rights for two genes tied to breast and ovarian cancers -- arguing the company limits patients' access to affordable and accurate testing. But supporters say gene patents are necessary to incentivize research. What could the Court's decision mean for scientists, patients and corporations? 4/13.

Why Monsanto did not see superweeds coming 3/12

Longnow Seminar. Pamela Ronald, Raoul Adamchak “Organically Grown and Genetically Engineered: The Food of the Future” Their book Tomorrow's Table Longnow.org

Drew Endy, Jim Thomas “Synthetic Biology Debate” [http://www.longnow.org/ Longnow.org 2008

Books

Seeds of Destruction: The Hidden Agenda of Genetic Manipulation Engdahl

Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge by Vandana Shiva

Joy Hagen (College 8 Core instructor) has co-authored work on GMO's with other UCSC folk

Author of Seeds of Deception and Genetic Roulette, Jeffrey M. Smith is a widely popular spokesperson on the documented health risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and how biotech companies rig research, gag critics, hijack regulators, and spin fantastic unfulfilled promises. His Institute for Responsible Technology's Campaign for Healthier Eating in America is designed to achieve the tipping point of consumer rejection of GMOs to force them out of the food supply. The Campaign encourages public and private showings of the Monsanto film and offers support material at link. He lives in Fairfield, Iowa. His blog.

People

Vandana Shiva is a physicist, ecofeminist, environmental activist and author. Shiva, currently based in New Delhi, is author of over 300 papers in leading scientific and technical journals, very involved in water and agricultural issues. Shiva participated in the nonviolent Chipko movement during the 1970s. The movement, whose main participants were women, adopted the tactic of hugging trees to prevent their felling. Video of discussion about granting rights to the earth. Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest. Vandana Shiva: ‘All Life Depends on Soil’ 2/15. Olmeca hip-hop tribute. GMO's and climate 11/15. See also India.

UCSC Biology grad wins seed funding for biotech startup company: Antonio Lamb followed his passion for molecular biology, and his biotech startup now has $100,000 in seed funding from the IndieBio EU accelerator program, working on a proof-of-concept project to demonstrate the feasibility of the company's plan to produce oral vaccines for farmed fish using genetically modified microalgae. 6/16

UCSC's Lincoln Taiz, professor emeritus of molecular, cell and developmental biology, gave the Emeriti Lecture at UC Santa Cruz on Wednesday, November 19. "Agriculture, Population Growth, and the Challenge of Climate Change video. He explains and supports GMO's.

Big fight over Seralini study (often attacked by industry paid hacks like Entine. Monsanto Roundup glysophate linked to cancer. ***

Blogs

Energy, Food, Environment College 8 Core instructor Dustin Mulvaney's blog often comments on GMO's

Subcategories

This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.

E

Energy

S

Solar

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Humans have been genetically modifying organisms since ancient times, when primitive farmers selectively bred plants and animals to encourage beneficial traits. In recent decades, we've taken this practice to a whole new level, altering organisms by directly manipulating their genomes. This has brought with it a new set of benefits, drawbacks and controversies, which are discussed in the items below.  One major promise is that GMO's would reduce the need for [http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/college8core/c8wiki/index.php/Chemicals chemicals], which has not really happened yet.
+Humans have been genetically modifying organisms since ancient times, when primitive farmers selectively bred plants and animals to encourage beneficial traits. In recent decades, we've taken this practice to a whole new level, altering organisms by directly manipulating their genomes. This has brought with it a new set of benefits, drawbacks and controversies, which are discussed in the items below.  One major promise is that GMO's would reduce the need for [[Chemicals|chemicals]], which has not really happened yet.
-See also [http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/college8core/c8wiki/index.php/Category:Food Food]. Grist.org tends to have [http://www.grist.org/food good coverage] of the issue.
+See also [[:Category:Food|Food]]. Grist.org tends to have [http://www.grist.org/food good coverage] of the issue.
-[http://www.grist.org/scary-food/2011-10-12-what-do-you-know-about-gmos Infographic overview]
+[http://www.grist.org/scary-food/2011-10-12-what-do-you-know-about-gmos Infographic overview].
+[https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/E212D5AA-EEF5-535C-9D0D-27920B094E45#-1154 Dynamic map of players] Neo,  take the red pill and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes. Remember: all I'm offering is the truth. Nothing more.
 SEED magazine  [http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/scientific_flip-flop/#philpott debate] 4/11.
 an older [http://go.galegroup.com.oca.ucsc.edu/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&isETOC=true&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=ucsantacruz&resultListType=RELATED_DOCUMENT&contentSegment=9780787691721&docId=GALE|CX3418700013 Pro-Con debate] 2003
+[http://grist.org/food/genetic-engineering-vs-natural-breeding-whats-the-difference/ Genetic engineering vs. natural breeding: What’s the difference?]
 [http://www.macrovu.com/gmtest.html Argument Maps] by Robert Horn at Stanford
@@ Line 16: / Line 20: @@
 [http://grist.org/tag/gmos/ Grist stories]
+[http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/# Center for Food Safety] also covers dirty money lobbying on GMO's.
 ==News/Articles==
+[https://www.ecowatch.com/bionic-mushrooms-renewable-energy-2618702145.html Could 'Bionic Mushrooms' Be the Future of Renewable Energy?] 11/18 see [http://rachelcarson-wiki.lt.ucsc.edu/wiki/Mushrooms Mushrooms].
+[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/16/frankenbees-genetically-modified-pollinators-danger-of-building-a-better-bee Invasion of the ‘frankenbees’]: the danger of building a better bee.  Beekeepers are sounding the alarm about the latest developments in genetically modified pollinators 10/18.
+[https://www.ecowatch.com/gmo-food-labels-qr-codes-2565811298.html Proposed GMO Food Labeling Could Leave 100 Million Americans in the Dark] 5/18.
+[https://www.ecowatch.com/monsanto-roundup-microbes-2526878891.html Monsanto's Roundup Destroys Healthy Microbes in Humans and in Soils] 1/18. see [[Chemicals|Chemicals]].
+[http://www.alternet.org/food/big-ag-asked-congress-taxpayers-fund-public-education-about-gmos The biotech industry has failed to deliver on its promises for GMO crops.] The NYT article followed less than a month after the biotech industry asked congressional leaders for $3 million in taxpayer-provided funding to “educate” the public about biotechnology and agricultural production. 11/16
+[http://www.globalpossibilities.org/obamas-new-so-called-gmo-labeling-law-is-a-gift-to-industry/ Obama’s New So-Called GMO “Labeling” Law Is a Gift to Industry] 8/16.
+[http://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/05/18/1527984/-Extensive-new-report-shows-GMO-crops-safe,-but-not-always-as-beneficial-as-predicted Extensive new report shows GMO crops safe, but not always as beneficial as predicted] 5/15.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2016/03/16/senate-rejects-dark-act-gmo-labeling Huge Victory: Senate Rejects the DARK Act] 3/17.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/11/09/monsanto-mexican-court-gmos Monsanto Handed ‘Double Whammy’ by Mexican Courts Over Planting GMOs]
+[http://www.alternet.org/food/david-and-goliath-illinois-farmer-takes-worlds-largest-agrochemical-company-over-gmo-corn David and Goliath: Illinois Farmer Takes on the World's Largest Agrochemical Company Over GMO Corn]
+U.S. corn exports are still down 85 percent after Sygenta's rush to the market with genetically modified product led to a ban in China, a farmer claims in court. 11./15.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/11/11/north-face-moon-parka-spider-silk The North Face’s Moon Parka Is World’s First Product Made From Synthetic Spider Silk]
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/11/16/europe-rejects-gmos-eco-farming/ Europe’s Rejection of GMOs Ignites Eco-Farming Revolution].
+[http://www.alternet.org/food/canadian-government-slams-aquabountys-gmo-salmon-growth-claims Study Blows Company's Bogus Claim About GMO Salmon Out of the Water] 10/15.
+however, [http://www.alternet.org/food/fda-approves-aquabountys-genetically-engineered-salmon-despite-widespread-opposition FDA Approves AquaBounty’s Genetically Engineered Salmon] Despite Widespread Opposition. [http://www.alternet.org/environment/fdas-approval-ge-salmon-based-bad-science-say-consumer-advocates 12/15 update]; [http://ecowatch.com/2015/11/20/fda-sued-gmo-salmon/ good analysis/background] 11/15. [https://kpfa.org/episode/upfront-november-25-2015/ (Audio interview)] with Food and Water Watch (in 35 min)***
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/11/16/europe-rejects-gmos-eco-farming/ Europe’s Rejection of GMOs Ignites Eco-Farming Revolution].
+[http://www.alternet.org/food/new-gmo-free-zone-will-protect-traditional-farmers-colorado New GMO-Free Zone Will Protect Traditional Farmers in Colorado]:
+The zone will help traditional and organic farmers avoid the risk of transgenic contamination from nearby GE crops, particularly GE corn. 11/15.
+[http://www.alternet.org/print/food/i-used-work-scientist-gmos-now-im-having-serious-second-thoughts-about-risks I Used to Work as a Scientist with GMOs]—Now I'm Having Serious Second Thoughts About The Risks 9/15 Bt resembles ricin and anthrax bacteria.  Risk assessment sloppy.
+[http://www.globalpossibilities.org/new-monsanto-spray-kills-bugs-by-messing-with-their-genes/ NEW MONSANTO SPRAY KILLS BUGS BY MESSING WITH THEIR GENES] 8/15.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/08/24/mark-hyman-labeling-gmos/ The New England Journal of Medicine Asks FDA to Reconsider Labeling GMO Foods] 8/15
+[http://www.alternet.org/environment/how-seed-laws-make-farmers-seeds-illegal How Seed Laws Make Farmers’ Seeds Illegal] see Food Inc movie.
+[http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/03/26/3639265/climate-beans-the-magical-fruit/ New Heat-Resistant Beans Could Stave Off Hunger In A Warming World] not a GMO.
+[http://grist.org/list/genetic-engineering-could-make-diy-heroin-as-easy-as-brewing-beer/ Genetic engineering could make DIY heroin as easy as brewing beer] 5/15.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/02/13/usda-approves-gmo-arctic-apples  U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved Arctic Apple]. These apples are engineered to resist browning when sliced. The USDA’s environmental review received 73,000 comments that overwhelmingly opposed the commercialization of Arctic Apples. This decision marks the first approval of an aesthetically-improved genetically engineered food and will expand the reach of GMO products into the produce aisle, which currently only offers a small number of GMO foods. 2/15.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/03/23/monsanto-roundup-glyphosate-cancer/ Monsanto’s Roundup — Most Popular Weed Killer in U.S. — ‘Probably’ Causes Cancer, WHO Report Says] GMO's are designed to work with it.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2015/02/05/breyers-artificial-hormone-rbst/ Biggest ice cream maker Breyers won't use milk with synthetic hormones]; the controversial hormone rBST. The artificial growth hormone, which stands for recombinant bovine somatotropin, is a genetically engineered hormone that farmers inject into cows to increase milk production. It’s controversial because it’s been linked to a slew of health problems in cows, and consequently, humans who drink the cows’ milk. 2/15
+[http://www.globalpossibilities.org/self-destruction-genes-could-keep-gmos-from-spilling-into-the-wild/ SELF-DESTRUCTION GENES COULD KEEP GMO’S FROM SPILLING INTO THE WILD] 1/15.
+[http://ecowatch.com/2014/02/20/study-differences-gmo-non-gmo-foods/ New Study Shows Glaring Differences Between GMO and Non-GMO Foods] 8/14
+[http://www.gmoseralini.org/en/ Big fight over Seralini study] (often attacked by industry paid hacks like [https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/E212D5AA-EEF5-535C-9D0D-27920B094E45#-2591 Entine].  Monsanto Roundup glysophate linked to cancer. ***
+[http://ecowatch.com/2014/10/16/california-bans-gmo-salmon/ California Bans Genetically Engineered Salmon] 10/14.
+[http://www.alternet.org/print/food/proof-biotech-companies-are-getting-desperate Golden Rice] 9/13.
+[http://www.alternet.org/food/monsantos-gmo-feed-creates-horrific-physical-ailments-animals Monsanto’s GMO Feed Creates Physical Ailments in Animals] 8/13.
 [http://www.alternet.org/print/food/why-monsanto-wrong-about-gm-crop-promises Research Shows that Monsanto's Big Claims for GMO Food Are Probably Wrong].  A new peer-reviewed study published in the [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14735903.2013.806408#.UcE_LOsd67I International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability] examined those claims and found that conventional plant breeding, not genetic engineering, is responsible for yield increases in major U.S. crops. Additionally, GM crops, also known as genetically engineered (GE) crops, can’t even take credit for reductions in pesticide use.  7/13.
@@ Line 116: / Line 186: @@
 ==Video==
+[http://news.ucsc.edu/2014/11/taiz-lecture.html Lincoln Taiz], professor emeritus of molecular, cell and developmental biology, gave the Emeriti Lecture at UC Santa Cruz on Wednesday, November 19. "Agriculture, Population Growth, and the Challenge of Climate Change [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWORvA_p9i0 video].  He explains and supports GMO's.
 [http://grist.org/industrial-agriculture/bitter-seeds-documentary-reveals-tragic-toll-of-gmos-in-india/?fb_ref=fbrw Micha Peled’s documentary Bitter Seeds] the final film in Peled’s “globalization trilogy,” exposes the havoc Monsanto has wreaked on rural farming communities in India, and serves as a fierce rebuttal to the claim that genetically modified seeds can save the developing world.
+[http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/next-meal-engineering-food/ Next Meal: Engineering Food:] In this half-hour special (May 2013), QUEST Northern California explores genetically engineered crops in the wake of Proposition 37, the 2012 ballot initiative that would have required foods containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled in California. Prop 37 lost, but some 6 million Californians voted in favor of labeling, signaling that many aren't completely comfortable with genetically engineered food.
 [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/30/gmo-labeling-food-just-label-it_n_1391459.html?ref=green&ir=Green How to Tell if GMO's] are in your food. 4/12
@@ Line 128: / Line 202: @@
 Hamilton, NJ. : Films for the Humanities & Sciences, c2009 McHenry DVD7434 [http://ffh.films.com/id/16317/Transforming_Food_A_Global_Look_at_Genetic_Modification.htm excerpt]
-Craig Venter and team make a historic announcement: they've created the first fully functioning, reproducing cell controlled by synthetic DNA. He explains how they did it and why the achievement marks the beginning of a new era for science. [http://www.ted.com/talks/craig_venter_unveils_synthetic_life.html TEDtalk video]
+Craig Venter and team make a historic announcement: they've created the first fully functioning, reproducing cell controlled by synthetic DNA. He explains how they did it and why the achievement marks the beginning of a new era for science. [http://www.ted.com/talks/craig_venter_unveils_synthetic_life.html TEDtalk video].
 [http://twilightearth.com/2009/05/the-world-according-to-monsanto-full-documentary/ The World According to Monsanto] "directed by independent filmmaker Marie-Monique Robin, paints a grim picture of a company with a long track record of environmental crimes and health scandals."
@@ Line 147: / Line 221: @@
 [http://www.ted.com/talk/jonathan_drori_why_we_re_storing_billions_of_seeds.html Jonathan Drori ]encourages us to save biodiversity -- one seed at a time. Reminding us that plants support human life, he shares the vision of the Millennium Seed Bank, which has stored over 3 billion seeds to date from dwindling yet essential plant species.TEDTalk video.
 ==Audio==
@@ Line 171: / Line 244: @@
 Author of Seeds of Deception and Genetic Roulette, Jeffrey M. Smith is a widely popular spokesperson on the documented health risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and how biotech companies rig research, gag critics, hijack regulators, and spin fantastic unfulfilled promises. His Institute for Responsible Technology's Campaign for Healthier Eating in America is designed to achieve the tipping point of consumer rejection of GMOs to force them out of the food supply. The Campaign encourages public and private showings of the Monsanto film and offers support material at [http://www.ResponsibleTechnology.org link]. He lives in Fairfield, Iowa. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-smith His blog].
+== People ==
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandana_Shiva Vandana Shiva] is a physicist, ecofeminist, environmental activist and author. Shiva, currently based in New Delhi, is author of over 300 papers in leading scientific and technical journals, very involved in [[:Category:Water|water]] and agricultural issues.  Shiva participated in the nonviolent Chipko movement during the 1970s. The movement, whose main participants were women, adopted the tactic of hugging trees to prevent their felling. [http://www.democracynow.org/2011//22/earth_day_special_vandana_shiva_and Video] of discussion about granting rights to the earth. [http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/what-would-nature-do/vandana-shiva-everything-i-need-to-know-i-learned-in-the-forest Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Forest]. [http://ecowatch.com/2015/02/16/vandana-shiva-life-depends-soil/ Vandana Shiva: ‘All Life Depends on Soil’] 2/15. [https://soundcloud.com/olmecaofficial/shiva Olmeca hip-hop tribute]. [http://ecowatch.com/2015/11/11/agri-corporations-hijack-cop21/ GMO's and climate] 11/15.  See also [[India|India]].
+[http://news.ucsc.edu/2016/06/antonio-lamb.html UCSC Biology grad wins seed funding for biotech startup company]: Antonio Lamb followed his passion for molecular biology, and his biotech startup now has $100,000 in seed funding from the IndieBio EU accelerator program,  working on a proof-of-concept project to demonstrate the feasibility of the company's plan to produce oral vaccines for farmed fish using genetically modified microalgae. 6/16
+UCSC's [http://news.ucsc.edu/2014/11/taiz-lecture.html Lincoln Taiz], professor emeritus of molecular, cell and developmental biology, gave the Emeriti Lecture at UC Santa Cruz on Wednesday, November 19. "Agriculture, Population Growth, and the Challenge of Climate Change [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWORvA_p9i0 video].  He explains and supports GMO's.
+[http://www.gmoseralini.org/en/ Big fight over Seralini study] (often attacked by industry paid hacks like [https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/E212D5AA-EEF5-535C-9D0D-27920B094E45#-2591 Entine].  Monsanto Roundup glysophate linked to cancer. ***
 ==Blogs==
 [http://energyfoodenvironment.blogspot.com/ Energy, Food, Environment] College 8 Core instructor Dustin Mulvaney's blog often comments on GMO's

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